核心成分、别义成分与动作语素义分析——以“收”为例

Kernel/distinctive components and semantic analysis of Chinese action morphemes:A case study of shou(收)

语素是汉语中一个重要的结构单位,而语素义分析无论在研究的力度还是深度上均做得还很不够。本文以"收"为例,为动作性语素义分析做了一个新的尝试。本文主张在语素的使用语境(包括构词语境与句子语境)下做动作语素的语义分析,把实义义位的语义构成概括为公式 S=核心成分+(别义成分),对动作义而言,核心成分是具体动作,别义成分是与动作有关的参与者、时间、处所、方式、结果等,并具体讨论了核心成分与别义成分的获得。最后得到"收"的语义,共17个义项。

Morphemes have not drawn enough attention in semantic analysis.This paper proposes a new approach of semantic analysis of action morphemes through a case study of the morpheme shou.Semantic analysis on a morpheme should be done in its context,including the words it constitutes and the sentences that contain it.The paper argues that the semantic structure of content sense can be generalized as'S=kernel component(+distinctive component).' In the case of action sense,KC specifies an action and DC specifies such relevant information as participants,time,location,manner,and result.With the analysis of KC and DC,the paper defines shou in its 17 senses.