第五讲 新型光纤水听器和矢量水听器

A novel fiber optic hydrophone and vector hydrophone

光纤水听器和矢量水听器作为当前水声研究领域最具有代表性的两大技术倍受业界关注.光纤水听器的重要贡献在于,从一个全新的角度出发,试图解决传统的水声传感和声纳数据传输一体化设计和实现的一系列问题,这有助于改善声纳系统的可靠性,并且有可能降低其制造、使用和维护的总成本.矢量水听器则由于其特有的指向性和矢量-相位处理方法,在低频和甚低频水声微弱目标探测方面具有潜在的优势.经过不懈的努力,光纤水听器和矢量水听器系统已经从实验室逐渐进入到工程应用阶段.这些对未来声纳系统的发展会产生相当重要的影响.文章尝试从声纳设计的角度对这两者的技术现状进行简要综述,包括它们各自的物理基础、工作原理、

Fiber optic and vector hydrophones are two major types of hydrophones that are of great importance to underwater acoustics. The chief advantage of the former is that problems related to the integration of traditional underwater acoustic sensing and sonar data transmission can be resolved from an entirely new perspective, thus improving the reliability and possibly decreasing the total cost of manufacture, operation and maintenance of the sonar system. Because of its inherent directivity and unique vector - phase processing, the vector hydrophone possesses potential advantages in the detection of quiet underwater acoustic targets emitting low frequency and ultra - low frequency noise. Engineering applications for both types of hydrophone have gradually emerged from the research laboratory, and will play an active role in the development of future sonar systems. A brief overview is presented of these two state - of - the - art hydrophones from the viewpoint of sonar design, including the basic physics, principle of operation, key techniques, and applications.