GIS支持下的汶上县地下水资源生态安全评价

Groundwater Resource Ecological Security Evaluation with the Support of GIS in the Wenshang County

以山东省汶上县为例,研究地下水资源的时空变化及其变化原因。在汶上县水资源办公室1995—2004年地下水位观测资料的基础上,利用GIS进行地下水位的空间插值和栅格数据分析得到地下水埋深与地下水资源量的时空变化。研究结果表明:汶上县地下水资源变化存在显著空间分异。研究区地下水埋深在1995—2005年间持续下降;研究区中部地下水埋深的下降速率先慢后快,而东北部丘陵区和南部低洼区地下水位在1999年以后出现回升;1999年以前整个研究区地下水水资源均减少,1999年以后地下水资源减少主要集中于中部平原区。造成地下水空间差异的原因主要有两个方面,其一是有客水作为地表水水源的地区,部分农业用水采用地表水,减少了地下水的开采;其二是汶上县政府加强水资源管理,兴建水利,使地表水用量增加,地下水位出现回升趋势。

The Wenshang county of Shandong Province was taken as an example in the presentation to study groundwater resource temporal-spatial change and the reasons resulting in this change. GIS was used for data analysis by special interpolation based on the groundwater monitoring data from 1995 to 2004. Spatial maps of groundwater table and detailed groundwater resource changes at the study area were gotten. The results showed that the change of groundwater resource yearly variation range and intensity have marked spatial heterogeneous features. The depth of groundwater table was descending continuously from 1995 to 2004. The rate of groundwater table change in the center of study area was slow from 1995 to 1999, but which became fast from 1999 to 2004. The groundwater table in northeast hill area and south bottomland region increased slightly from 1999 to 2004. Groundwater resource decreased in the whole study area before 1999, but which decreased on the central plain region after 1999. There were two reasons which resulted in the dimensional difference. On the one hand, for the area nearby Dawen river and the Jinghang Canal, peasant can use surface water to irrigate, which reduce the use of underground water and the grounder water was protected. On the other hand, Wenshang county government strengthened the management of water resources and built the newly water conservancy projects in recent years. All of those measures increased the efficiency of the utilization of the surface water and raised grounder water table.