论戴震对朱熹始终如一的态度

DAI Zhen's Attitude to ZHU Xi Never Changed

戴震与朱熹同出于徽州,又各领时代风骚。程朱理学受到统治者和理学家的大力提倡,却遭到戴震的猛烈攻击。有人认为,戴震早期是程朱理学的信徒,晚年转而攻击理学,是忘本。我们在考察戴震评价朱熹的大量具体材料后认为,学界对戴震与朱熹理欲观的对立方面注意太多,未能看透戴震对朱熹的态度是真正地“批判与继承”,所以造成了学术理解上的视差和误读。戴震对朱熹的态度看似很矛盾,但只要抓住戴震治学“实事求是”、空所依傍的特点,就能理解其中原由。朱子对戴氏有深刻影响,戴震对朱熹有公允评价,并且态度始终如一。本文力求公正地看待其间的传承关系,从而纠正那些认为戴震思想有前后期的不同以及晚年竭力诋毁朱熹的错误观点。

DAI Zhen and ZHU Xi are all famous scholars in Hui Zhou, and are all leaders in Song and Qing Dynasty. Cheng and Zhu＇s Philosophy was advocated by the rulers strongly, but was fiercely attacked by DAI Zhen. It was felt that early DAI Zhen＇s ideas in Philosophy is the Cheng and Zhu＇s. Academic people said that his attacking was forgetting his roots. We believe that academics pay more attention to the opposing side of ZHU Xi and DAI Zhen＇s ideas , but fail to understand that DAI Zhen＇s attitude of ZHU Xi＇s is truly ＂critical and inheritance＂. So it is caused the wrong academic understanding. Although DAI Zhen＇s attitudes seems contradictory to ZHU Xi, if we seized 1DAI Zhen＇s academic ＂realistic＂ spirits, we can understand the reason. From the inspection of a specific material on ZHU Xi on the eyes of DAI Zhen, it is believed that DAI Zhen has a profound impact from ZHU Xi, gives a fair evaluation of ZHU Xi and has consistent attitude to him. This article is trying to seeking the inherited relations between them from the historical perspective, and corrects the wrong thinking that it has the differences between his early times and late times, that his fiercely ;attacking to ZHU Xi at late times.