青海湖地区天然牧草对水分条件反应特性分析

Characteristic Analysis of Natural Grass Response to the Water Conditions in the Region of the Qinghai Lake

利用青海省铁卜加牧业气象试验站1987—1996年的气象和牧草资料,研究了降水、土壤湿度与蒸发量等水分条件对青海湖地区铁卜加草原5种优势种天然牧草生长高度及产量形成的影响。结果表明:环湖地区山地草原草场中紫花针茅Stipapurpurea、冷地早熟禾Poacrymophila、干生苔草Carexaridula、猪毛蒿Ar-temisiascoparia、天山赖草Leymustianschanicum、杂草产量比为8∶15∶15∶16∶18∶28。5种天然牧草的生长高度和产量对水分条件表现出不同的反应,天山赖草最耐旱;干生苔草次之;猪毛蒿和紫花针茅的抗旱性相当;冷地早熟禾对水分条件的反应最为敏感,得出了大部分牧草产量形成需水临界期在6月份的结论。这对环青海湖地区草地增水抗旱工作的时间安排具有指导作用。

Based on the meteorological data and the grass, data from 1987 to 1996 in Tiebujia, Qinghai Province, the influence of the rainfall, soil humidity, evaporation capacity on the height and yield of five dominant species of natural grass is investigated in the Tiebujia grassland, near the Qinghai Lake. The result shows that the yield ratio of Stipa purpurea,Poa crymophila, Carex aridula, Artemisia scoparia, Leymus tianschanicum and miscellaneous is 8 ＂ 15 ＂ 15 ＂ 16 ＂- 18 ＂- 28. The drought-resistance from high to low of 5 species of natural grass is Leymus tianschanicum, Carex aridula, Artemisia scoparia, Stipa purpurea , Poa crymophila. The most of grass＇s critical period of water requirement is in June. It is important for the drought-resistance.