Heme:a versatile signaling molecule controlling the activities of diverse regulators ranging from transcription factors to MAP kinases

Heme (铁 protoporphyrin IX ) 是为众多的生活有机体的一个必要分子。不仅它在酶担任一个修复术的组，它也充当控制从信号 transduction 到蛋白质建筑群汇编的多样的分子、细胞的进程的一个发信号的分子。缺乏他我合成或功能影响造血，肝并且在人的神经系统。最近的研究包括 Hap1 揭示了一系列调整 heme 的抄写因素和信号变换器，调停的一个激活 heme 的抄写因素在酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 的基因抄写上的氧的效果；Bach1，否定地被调整由的一个 transcriptional 抑压者他我在哺乳动物的房间；IRR，一个熨斗调停的规章的蛋白质铁家属规定他我在细菌 Bradyrhizobium 的合成日本嗯；并且调整 heme 的禁止者，协调蛋白质合成与的 eucaryotic 开始因素 2alpha kinase 他我在网状细胞的可获得性。在这评论，我们总结的当前的知识他我控制这些 transcriptional 管理者的活动并且表明变换器，并且讨论与有缺陷者联系的疾病他我合成，降级和函数。房间研究(2006 ) 16：681-692。做 i：10.1038/sj .cr.7310086；出版联机 2006 年 8 月 8 日。

Heme （iron protoporphyrin IX） is an essential molecule for numerous living organisms. Not only does it serve as a prosthetic group in enzymes, it also acts as a signaling molecule that controls diverse molecular and cellular processes ranging from signal transduction to protein complex assembly. Deficient heme synthesis or function impacts the hematopoietic, hepatic and nervous systems in humans. Recent studies have revealed a series ofheme-regulated transcription factors and signal transducers including Hap 1, a heme-activated transcription factor that mediates the effects of oxygen on gene transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Bachl, a transcriptional repressor that is negatively regulated by heme in mammalian cells; IRR, an iron regulatory protein that mediates the iron-dependant regulation of heme synthesis in the bacterium Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum; and heme-regulated inhibitor, an eucaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase that coordinates protein synthesis with heme availability in reticulocytes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about how heme controls the activity of these transcriptional regulators and signal transducers, and discuss diseases associated with defective heme synthesis, degradation and function.