纯粹利己主义反思与经济学方法论的二重性

Reflection on Pure Self-interest and Dualism of Economics Methodology

对纯粹利己主义假设的批评在经济学中早有传统,但系统地拒绝纯粹利己主义的证据来自近年来的实验经济研究。另一方面,纯粹利己主义的悖论表明,对人类行为动机的考察应该将道德、规范乃至利他纳入考虑,但这种考虑又会动摇经济学的利己假设基础。事实上,我们应该承认经济学方法论的二重性,将经济理论划分为标准的经济理论和描述性的经济理论,前者不必考虑道德和规范等因素,而后者则需要考虑这些因素。

Based on experiments research evidences and theoretical logic, this paper tries to rethink the pure self-interest assumption in economics and discuss how to deal with the problem of pure self-interest assumption in economics （studying）. The paper point out that. the dualism of economics （study） methodology should be recognized, and economic theory should be dividend into standard economic theory and descriptive economic theory. Standard economic theory only needs to hold the pure self-interest assumption and the descriptive economic theory often needs to consider the social preferences such as moral and norm. This paper also addresses the basic of knowledge tradition of these partitions, and its important value for some academic disputations and realistic problems.