利用核辐射诱发小麦抗白粉病突变新种质

NUCLEAR TECHNIQUE FOR INDUCING NEW GENETICAL SOURCES OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT MUTANTS OF WHEAT

本试验采用不同剂量的γ射线、电子束、NaN_3与 EMS 处理3个小麦品种,在总剂量不变的情况下,用γ射线间歇辐照;用育种常用剂量(250～300Gy)辐照16个品种和12个杂种,诱发小麦抗白粉病突变,在 M_2进行苗期抗性突变体的筛选。结果表明,丁射线、电子束、NaN_3与 EMS 均为诱发小麦抗白粉病突变的有效诱变剂,而且电子束与 NaN_3的诱变效果更好。不同诱变剂诱发白粉病抗性的适宜剂量:丫射线300～350GV,电子束100～200Gy,NaN_31～3mmol/L,EMS 0.3%左右,品种间略有差异。γ射线间歇辐照较连续辐照的突变频率高,杂合材料较纯合材料的诱变效果更好。利用核辐射获得86份抗白粉病的中间材料。

Three varieties of winter wheat were treated with γ-rays,electron-beams,NAN_3,EMS with various doses and intermittent irradiation of γ-rays respectively.16 pure varieties and 12 hy- brids were irradiated by γ-rays with appropriate doses(250～300Gy)for inducing mutation re- sistant to powdery mildew in winter wheat.γ-rays,electron-beams,NaN_3 and EMS were effec- tive mutagens for inducing powdery mildew resistant mutants.The latter two wre more effective than the former.It showed that the appropriate doses were as follows:γ-rays 300～350Gy,elec- tron-beams 100～200Gy,NaN_3 1～3mmol/L,EMS about 0.3%.It also showed that the inter- mittent irradiation of γ-rays was more effective than the continuous irradiation for inducing powdery mildew resistant mutants.Irradiating hybrids were more effective materials than pure varieties for this purpose.86 mutants with resistance to powdery mildew were obtained.