土壤环境质量研究回顾与讨论

Soil Environmental Quality:A Review

土壤环境质量的研究和应用是环境科学和环境土壤学的重要命题。本文简要回顾了与土壤环境质量密切相关的土壤质量的概念与质疑,给出了土壤环境质量的参考定义,强调了这些概念和定义仍处于发展之中。土壤环境质量是指在一定的时间和空间范围内,土壤自身性状对其持续利用以及对其他环境要素,特别是对人类或其他生物的生存、繁衍以及社会经济发展的适宜性。土壤环境质量是土壤环境“优劣”的一种概念,是特定需要之“环境条件”的量度,它与土壤的健康或清洁的状态,以及遭受污染的程度密切相关。本文重点讨论了土壤环境质量研究中需要考虑的问题、主要研究内容、土壤环境质量应用中的突出问题,包括标准的制订和土壤“可提取态”和植物有效性关系的研究。

Soil environmental quality is an important topic of environmental science and soil environmental science. At first, we review the concept and dispute of soil quality which is closely related to soil environmental quality, give the definition of soil environmental quality, and then emphasize that all these concepts and definitions still are under developing. Soil environmental quality refers to the suitable use of a soil within a definite period and spacial boundary and its adaptability to other environmental factors, especially for living and reproducing of human and other organisms and for economic development. It can reflect the soil environment, a measure of the conditions of an environment related to the specific requirements. Soil environmental quality is related with soil health or clean status and soil pollution levels as well. We also discuss some questions related with the study of soil environmental quality, including further study requiried and the remaining problems, for instance, the formulation of soil environmental quality standard and the relationship between phytoavailability and extractability of soil elements.