兽药添加剂喹乙醇的生态毒理学效应研究

Ecotoxicological Effects of the Veterinary Additive Olaquindox

采用水生生物斑马鱼(Daniorerio)、鲤鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)和土壤生物赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoetida)作为生物材料,通过斑马鱼急性毒性试验、斑马鱼胚胎发育试验、鲤鱼肾细胞单细胞凝胶电泳试验、蚯蚓急性毒性试验、蚯蚓生化毒性试验以及蚯蚓体腔细胞单细胞凝胶电泳试验,对兽药添加剂喹乙醇分别从生物个体、细胞和分子水平进行了生态毒理学效应研究。急性毒性试验结果表明,喹乙醇实验浓度范围内对斑马鱼和蚯蚓的急性毒性均不大。胚胎发育试验结果表明,喹乙醇对斑马鱼胚胎的72hEC50为221.20mg·L-1,具有明显致畸效应。蚯蚓生化毒性试验表明,喹乙醇能促进蚯蚓体内SOD酶活性,并呈现一定剂量-效应关系,但对纤维素酶影响不明显,单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果表明,喹乙醇具有一定遗传毒性,能引起鲤鱼肾脏细胞和蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤,与空白对照相比有显著差异,并呈现出一定剂量-效应关系。

The ecotoxicological effects of the veterinary additive olaquindox was studied, using zebrafish （Danio rerio）, carp （Cyprinus carpio）, and earthworm （Eiseniafoetida） as experimental materials. The acute toxicity tests of fish and earthworm, the zebrafish embryo test, the single cell gel electrophoresis tests （SCGE, the comet assay） in vivo of carp kidney cells and earthworm coelomocytes were conducted, and the effect of olaquindox on cellulase and superoxide dismutase （SOD） of the earthworm Eiseniafetida,was investigated. The acute toxicity of olaquindox was not significant at environmentally relevant concentrations. The 72 h EC50 of olaquindox was 221.20 mg·L^-1, and showed a significant teratogenic effect on the embryo. Olaquindox significantly increased the activity of cellulase and SOD at the concentration of 500 mg·L^-1 （P〈 0.05）, and the activity of cellulase and SOD increased with the increasing concentration. The results of the SCGE showed that olaquindox could induce serious DNA damage obviously in both of carp kidney cells and earthworm coelomocytes in vivo, and the difference was very significant compared with the control （P〈0.01）, suggesting that olaquindox had potential genotoxicity to aquatic and edaphic animals.