论公司行为能力的实现

On the Realization of the Capacity to Act of a Corporate

公司是具有法人资格的企业组织,因此具有相应的权利能力和行为能力。由于公司是一个无生命的组织体,因此,其权利能力和行为能力与自然人存在明显的不同。单就行为能力而言,公司行为能力与自然人的行为能力的最大区别是:公司的行为能力与公司的权利能力同时产生和同时消灭,公司的行为能力范围与公司权利能力的范围完全一致。公司行为能力的运用与自然人相比最大的特点是:公司的行为能力要通过其代表机关实现,其代表机关以公司的名义对外进行的行为,被认为是公司本身的行为。由于公司的代表机关也是由自然人组成的无生命的机构,因此,公司行为能力的直接实施者,也即最终对外代表公司的是公司的代表人,而公司的意思通过书面文件上的法定代表人签章和公司的印章来推定。

There exist some distinct differences between natural person and corporate on legal capacity. Both the capacity to act and the capacity of fight occur and terminate simultaneously, and both scopes are overlapped totally. The capacity to act of a corporate shall be realized through its representative body, the activities done by in the name of the representative body shall be regarded as the ones done by the corporate. As the representative body is also an institute without life composed of natural persons, the legal representative of a corporate shall be the real executor of the capacity to act of a corporate, and the will of a corporate can be presumed by both the signature of the legal representative and the stamp of a corporate.