护理人员职业暴露及防护情况调查

Investigation on the occupational exposure and the occupational protection of nursing staff

目的了解临床护理人员职业暴露的发生率、暴露原因、护理人员防护意识、防护措施,以探讨进一步的防范对策。方法对广州市4所医院(1所专科医院,3所综合性医院)的临床护理人员进行回顾性问卷调查。结果418名被调查护理人员中,219人近2年有职业暴露的经历,暴露总次数884次。其中针刺伤(含其他锐器伤)183人,占职业暴露人数的83.6%;针刺伤总次数793次,年人均刺伤0.95次;刺伤后向有关部门汇报的只有86人,占刺伤人数的47%;自我防护意识的强弱与针刺伤发生率有关,防护意识强者,针刺伤发生率低,防护意识弱者,针刺伤发生率高,2者之间差异显著(P<0.001);静脉穿刺时戴手套的仅占6.9%;较多的护士对标准预防不熟悉,甚至从未听说过。结论临床护理人员面临的职业暴露的危险性仍然较大,因此加强职业防护教育,落实标准预防的措施等工作应常抓不懈,以保障职业安全。

Objective To investigate the occurrence, reasons, protective status and protective measures of the occupational exposure in the clinical nurses, and to discuss the measures for keeping away the occupational exposure. Methods A retrospective questionnaire was distributed to the clinical nurses who came from four hospitals in Guangzhou City （one specialized hospital and three general hospitals）. Results There were two hundred and nineteen people suffered from occupational exposure among the studied four hundred and eighteen nurses in the recent two years, with the total exposure cases of eight hundred and eighty-four times. There were one hundred and eighty-three nurses suffered from needlestick injuries, accounting for 83.7% of the occupational exposure people. The total needlestick injuries were seven hundred and ninety--three times, with an average of 0. 95 times per person annually. Only eighty--six nurses reported to the related departments, accounting for 47% of the injured people. The preventive consciousness in the clinical nurses was related to the frequency of needlestick injuries （P 〈 0.001）. The rate of needlestick injuries was lower in the nurses who had a stronger preventive consciousness, while the rate of needlestick injuries was higher in the nurses who had a weaker preventive consciousness. There was a significant difference between the two groups （P 〈 0.001）. Only 6.9% of the nurses wore gloves when draw blood. Most of the nurses knew little about the standard prevention, even never heard. Conclusions The danger of occupation exposure is still serious for the clinical nurses. Therefore, to ensure the occupational safety, it is an important task to continuously enhance the occupational prevention training and carry out the standard prevention.