太行山低山石灰岩区水土保持林地类型研究

Land Types of S0il and Water Conservation Forest in Taihang Limestone Lower Mountain Area

通过对太行山低山石灰岩区水保林定性和定量兼有的１３个变量，１７０块标他调查，采用主成分分析（ＰＣＡ）方法，对该区的水保林进行排序，结果表明，≤５００ｍ丘陵区可划分为四个类型：灌木盖度＞２０％侧柏、山皂荚乔灌草型；灌木盖度≤２０％侧柏、白草乔草灌型；少枯落物荆条，酸枣灌草型；无枯落物白草荒坡型。５０１～８００ｍ浅山区可划分为四个类型：灌木盖度≤１０％侧柏、油松、荆条乔草灌型；灌木盖度＞１０％荆条、黄栌、酸枣灌草型；土层厚度＞１Ｏｃｍ白草、黄背草、竹叶草草坡型；土层厚度≤１０ｃｍ于瘠荒坡型。所划类型，经ｔ检验，差异显著，特征明显。采用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ判别分析，回判率较高，符合石灰岩区水保林实际情况。据调查分析，该区最佳水保林模式应是以乔草灌搭配的类型。

Through the investigation at l70 sample plots of soil and water forest in limerock re-gion of Taihang mountain and the analysis of l3 qualitative and quantitative factors in each sam-ple plot,the soil and water conservation forests are ordinated by methods of principal componentanalysis(PCA).The resuIts show as follows:(1)The four types are divided in hilly region un-der the altitude of 500 meters。They are in turn:arbor,shrub and herb mixed model ofPlatycladus orientalis and Gleditsia microphylla with above 20%shrub coverage,arbor,herband shrub mixed mod el of Platycladus orientalis and Pennisetum flaccidum with under l0%shrub coverage,shrub and herb mixed model of Vitex negundo var.heterophylla and Ziziphusjujuba with a little litter,and Pennisetum flaccidum herb wasteland without litter.(2)The fourtypes in low mountain region(500一800m)are:arbor,herb and shrub mixed model ofPlatycladus orientalis,Pinus tabulaeformis and Vitex negundo var.heterophylla with under l0%shrub covevage,shrub and herb mixed model of Vitex negund var.heterophylla,cotinuscoggygria var.cinerea and Ziziphas jujuba with above 50%shrub coverage,herb slopeland mod-el of Pennisetum flaccidum,Themeda triandra and Pennisetum flaccidum,with above l0cm soildepth, and arid waste land model with under l0cm soil depth.These divided types characteristicsare manifest and difference among these types is significant by statistical test;The classificationare recognized as justified with high accurecy according to Fisher test analysis,These results con-form to practical state in the area.The arbor,herb and shrub mixed model is regarded as thebest model of soil and water conservation forest.