坡耕地聚流覆盖型改造利用技术模式研究

Remaking and Effective Using of Cultivated Slopland Through Surface Water Control and Surface Covering

坡耕地是半干旱山区水土流失最严重的农耕地，也是山区的低产田。本文提出了聚流与覆盖相结合，果粮间作立体开发的坡耕地改造利用模式，达到了治理和开发同步，生态效益和经济效益并重的目的。研究明确了果粮间作冠下区、近冠区和远冠区的合理立体植被覆盖结构和不同坡度下隔坡水平沟聚流工程模式。该项技术控制坡耕地径流量９８．６％～９９．１％，减少土壤侵蚀量９３．１／～９５．８％，并使单位面积纯收益比对照坡地春玉米、坡地地膜玉米分别提高６４．１９％和３１．２１％。

ln semi-arid mountain area,soil erosion happens mostly on the cultivated slopland andresuIts in poor harvest.Here,a model of having both ecological and economic effect is suggestedto control and exploit the cultivated slopland.Water-control,surface-covering and intercroppingare the main methods.The research suggests an effective space model about the plants(fruittrees and other crops)and water control methods according to different cultivated slopland。Through this technique 98.6%～99.1%surface runoff will be controlled and 93.1%～95.8%of soil erosion be reduced.The yield per unit area will increase respectively 64.19%and 3l.21%than the control sloping areas with spring crops and areas covered by plastic film.