人造宝石工矽肺肺功能测定分析

Analysis on the pulmonar functions of the man-made gem's silicosis in the first stages

目的了解人造宝石工矽肺患者的肺通气功能受损情况及探讨与天然宝石工矽肺患者的肺功能差别。方法对人造宝石工矽肺Ⅰ期57例、天然宝石工矽肺Ⅰ期45例和50名对照组分别进行肺功能测定，同时对作业场所进行职业卫生调查。结果两种宝石厂生产环境中粉尘浓度高，超标率严重（人造宝石超标率为72．73％，天然宝石超标率为80．00％），人造宝石加工粉尘中游离Si02的含量（平均为44．85％）明显低于天然宝石粉尘中（平均为90．07％）；肺通气功能测定显示人造宝石工矽肺患者肺活量（VC）、用力呼吸肺活量（FVC）、1秒钟用力呼气量（FEV1）、最大呼气流量（PEF）、25％-75％肺活量用力呼气流量（FEF25-75）、50％肺活量用力呼气流量（FEF50）、75％肺活量用力呼气流量（FEF75）明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），VC、FVc、FEV1、1秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量百分比（FEV1／FVC）、PEF显著高于天然宝石工矽肺（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），肺通气功能异常率高于对照组（P〈0．05）低于天然宝石工矽肺组（P〈0．01）。结论人造宝石工矽肺患者肺功能损伤明显，但其损伤程度比天然宝石工矽肺轻。

Objective To explore the damaging of pulmonary functions in the workers with man-made gem＇ s silicosis and compare with those with natural gem＇ s silicosis. Methods The pulmonary functions were tested in 57 male man-made gem＇ s silicosis at stage Ⅰ , 45 male natural gem＇ s silicosis at stage Ⅰ and 50 male workers （control）. Meanwhile, the occupational hygienic investigation were carried out in the productive environment. Results The dust concentrations were high, and the substandard rates were severe in the productive environments in two gem factories. Free silica content in the dust of natural gem was obviously higher than that of the man-made gem＇ s. In the man-made gem＇ s silicosis, the pulmonary functional indexes （ VC, FVC,FEV1 ,PEF,FEF25 -75 ,FEFs0 ,FEF75 ） were obviously lower than those of the control group（ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈0.01 ） ; and the indexes （ VC,FVC ,FEV1 ,FEVt/FVC ,PEF） were higher than those in the natural gem＇ s silicosis （P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ） ;The abnormal rate of lung ventilation function was higher than that in the control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ） and lower than that in the natural gem＇ s silicosis （P 〈 0. O1 ）. Conclusion The pulmonary function in the workers with man-made gem＇ s silicosis was damaged obviously, but the damage degree was lighter than that in the natural gem＇ s silicosis.