某橡胶制品厂生产性粉尘对工人健康危害的调查

Health survey on the workers affected by industrial dust in a rubber molding plant

目的了解某橡胶制品厂生产性粉尘对工人健康的危害情况。方法对某橡胶制品厂作业场所进行粉尘浓度测定,并对152名接尘工人和93名非接尘人员进行职业性体检。结果该厂主要生产性粉尘系滑石粉尘。作业场所粉尘浓度时间加权平均允许浓度(PC-TWA)平均为30.2 mg/m3(超标9.1倍),游离S iO2含量平均8.5%。X射线胸片(高千伏)检查接尘组发现肺纹理增多、紊乱等改变19例,无尘肺(0+)5例,而对照组肺纹理改变只有2例。肺功能检查接尘组有15例小气道功能轻度异常,对照组仅为1例。两组检出率比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。此外,接尘组自觉症状、慢性鼻炎、咽炎以及心电图等改变均比对照组发生率高,两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论该厂生产性粉尘对工人健康存在一定的危害性,建议加强防尘措施,降低作业场所粉尘浓度,保障工人健康,防止尘肺病发生。

Objective To understand the hazardous effects of industrial dust on the health of the workers in a rubber molding plant. Methods Dust concentrations in the workplaces were determined in a rubber molding plant and occupational physical examinations on 152 workers exposed to dust and 93 non-exposers were taken. Results The main industrial dust was talcum powder. The average dust concentration in workplaces was 30.2 mg/m^3 （9.1-fold over-standard） and the average content of free SiO2 was shown to be 8.5%. The chest X-ray examination showed that 19 cases had lung marking changes and 5 cases were classifted as non-pneumoconiosis 0^＋ in dust exposure group ,but only 2 controls had lung marking change. 15 cases of slight dysfunction of small airways were found by the examination of pulmonary function in dust exposure group, while only 1 was found in the control group. Significant difference was existed between two groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Futhermore, the incidences of subjective symptoms, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis and ECG changes in dust exposure group were higher than those of the control （ P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusion The health of the workers is affected by industrial dust. It is suggested that dust preventing measures be strengthened and dust concentration in workplaces be decreased. We should ensure the workers health and prevent the occurrence of talcum pneumoconiosis.