苯的胺基及硝基化合物重大急性职业中毒分析

Analysis on acute severe occupational poisonings related to aromatic amino-and/or nitro-compounds

目的探讨苯的胺基及硝基化合物重大急性职业中毒的发生特点，为制定相应防治策略提供科学依据。方法对1989～2003年间全国报告的苯的胺基及硝基化舍物重大急性职业中毒资料进行描述性分析。结果①1989～2003年间全国共报告苯的胺基及硝基化合物重大急性职业中毒17起，年均1．1起；直接导致中毒的物质约有8种；平均每起事故中毒者为6．6例，中毒死亡者0．1例，1起事故最高中毒病例数为27例；中毒率高，中毒死亡率相对低；②中毒主要集中在6～9月份，多发生在化学工业和运输与仓储业，在搬运和生产岗位中毒多发。中毒事故发生的主要原因是缺乏安全教育和个人防护设备。结论①加强安全教育和个人防护，严禁皮肤直接接触；②在修订《高毒物品目录》时考虑将苯的胺基及硝基化合物部分或全部剔除。

Objective To study the characteristics of acute severe occupational poisonings related to aromatic amino- and/ or nitro-compounds and to provide scientific evidences for preventive strategies. Methods The nationwide data on severe occupational poisoning accidents of aromatic amino- and/or nitro-compounds reported from 1989 to 2003 was analyzed. Results ①There were 17 cases about severe occupational poisoning accidents of aromatic amino- and/or nitro-compounds reported from 1989 to 2003, which showed 1.1 eases per year. Eight compounds were found to cause poisoning directly, in average, 6.6 person had been poisoned and about 0.1 person was dead in each case. The number of poisoned person reached 27 in the most severe accident. ② The poisoning mainly occurred in chemical industry, transportation and storage industry from June to September each year. Severe accidents also occurred in postage and workplace. The main reason for these accidents was insufficient occupational health education and personal seLf-protection equipments. Conclusion ①Through analysis, it is indicated that occupational safety and health education and personal protection are important, and that skin contact to these substances should be avoided. ②When the national catalog of highly toxic chemical is to be revised, we suggest to delete all or some of aromatic amino- and/ or nitro-compounds from the list of the catalog.