问题还是方法——读余华长篇小说《活着》

Yu Hua: Problems or Methods?——An analysis of To Live by Yu Hua

“活着”退后并被置于“元存在”这样一个生命个体人性化最本真的存在状态;《活着》中的叙述声音有双重通道:作为聆听者和记录者的“我”和作为文本叙述者的福贵;凭借关键之处的细部描写,文本人物的灵魂渐渐成型而有力,获得空前的自由;而在《活着》中,苦难被上升为一种积极因素;《活着》的致命思想软肋则是否弃救赎精神的自救,灵魂回归不到应抵达的道路。

To live （huozhe） goes back and is set in such a natural existence situation exposing the human nature of the individuals as meta-existence. There are double channels in the voice of narration in To Live：one is ＂I＂ as a listener and recorder, and the other is Fugui as the narrator of the text; The souls of the characters in the text have been gradually formed with power and acquire unprecedented liberty by the detail description beyond the crux. In To Live, misery is raised to a positive factor; while the fatal weakness in the thought of To Live is the abandonment of self-salvation in the spirit of salvation,which prevents the souls from returning to the otherwise arrived road.