新乡市部分市售蔬菜中重金属污染状况与质量评价

Evaluation and Research of Heavy Metal on Marketed Vegetables in Xinxiang

为研究蔬菜重金属污染状况和蔬菜安全水平,对新乡市郊区11种常见蔬菜中Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn等5种重金属元素的含量进行了测定.并参照国家食品卫生标准和蔬菜质量分级标准评价了蔬菜的重金属污染程度.结果表明:66个蔬菜样品中Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的超标率分别为45.46%、9.09%、54.55%、0和18.18%;它们的最大值分别是国家卫生标准允许量的2.42倍,1.46倍,3.88倍,0.28倍和1.31倍.其中西红柿属于安全级别;菠菜、黑白菜、花椰菜处于警戒线上;青菜、芹菜、茼蒿、油麦菜、黄瓜开始受到重金属污染;西葫芦和蒜苔受到重金属的中度污染.蔬菜重金属污染主要表现为Cd、Pb的污染,Pb污染较为严重.

In order to investigate the heavy metal polluted states and the safe levels of vegetables in Xinxiang suburb, the contents of cadmium （Cd）, chromium （Cr）, lead （Pb）, copper （Cu） and zinc （Zn） in 11 kinds of common vegetables in Xinxiang suburb have been determined in this study. According to national hierarchical standard of heavy metal to appraise vegetables, sanitary standard of food and quality of vegetables, polluted degree of heavy metals has been evaluated. The results indicate： the qualification rates of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn in the vegetables are 54.54%, 90.91%, 45.45%, 100% and 81.82% respectively. Their maximum is 2.42 times, 1.46 times, 3.88 times, 0. 28 times and 1.31 times as big as the national sanitary standard allowed quantity separately. The results of evaluation show： tomato is safe; spinach, black-and-white dish and cauliflower are in warning; Chinese vegetable, celery, crown daisy chrysanthemum, naked oats dish and cucumber begin to be polluted; middle degree of pollution in French gourd and garlic shoot are received. The heavy metals that polluted vegetables are mainly Cd and Pb, and Pb is more serious.