先锋派群体与个人才华:以语言派诗歌为例(英文)

Avant-Garde Community and the Individual Talent: The Case of Language Poetry Marjorie Perloff

本文主要探讨西方20世纪先锋派运动的轨迹,特别考察了一些典型的先锋派群体的形成与个人才华之间的关系。文章根据不同的标准对先锋派运动进行了分类,如俄国先锋派和意大利未来派等,并探讨他们的兴衰。例如,马塞尔·迪尚与达达派运动是否有关,达达派如何解散?本文上半部分对先锋派作了广泛审视,下半部分则转向作为美国当代先锋派运动一部分的语言诗派进行个案研究:首先详细讨论了语言诗派的建立于20世纪70年代末期的理论准则,然后分析了这一激进诗歌运动近20年来的发展轨迹。语言派诗学与法国后结构主义美学和马克思主义意识形态有着密切联系,已经逐渐融入诗歌主流,其文体特征也已经被吸收进更为传统的模式。这一运动从根本上说已经结束,但从中产生的一批重要的诗人,如苏珊·豪、查尔斯·伯恩斯坦、林·何吉尼安、史迪夫·麦卡弗里,都已经超越了这场运动,并最终形成了自己的模式和风格。

This essay examines the trajectory of Western avant-garde movements in the 20th century, especially the relationship of group formation, typical of these avant-gardes, to the individual talent. I classify movements like the Russian avant-garde and Italian futurism according to various criteria and trace their rise and fall. How, for example, does Marcel Duchamp relate to the Dada movement and how did Dada dissolve？ After surveying avant-garde movements broadly in the first part of the essay, I turn to the case of a contemporary avant-garde movement, Language Poetry. The essay details the theoretical principles of the Language movement, founded in the late 1970s, and then studies the way this radical movement has evolved over the past twenty years. Language poetics, closely related to French Post-Structuralist aesthetic and Marxist ideology, was gradually assimilated into the mainstream and its stylistic features absorbed into more conventional modes. The movement is now essentially over, but it has produced a number of important poets, for example, Susan Howe and Charles Bernstein,Lyn Hejinian and Steve McCaffery. These poets for example, Susan Howe and Charles Bemstein, Lyn Hejinian and Steve McCaffery. These poets typically transcend the movement of which they have been a part, and eventually find their own mode and style.