牙科医师体表和诊室环境的污染状况分析

An analysis of pollution of the dentist and the dental office

目的通过牙科医师治疗过程中,身体表面及诊室空气各处的细菌检测,了解牙体治疗和牙周治疗时对医师和空气的污染情况。方法牙科医师进行牙体、牙周治疗时,将普通血培养基固定在其口罩、防护眼镜、胸前体表及固定在牙科治疗椅照明灯、牙科治疗椅旁屏风处,暴露1min,实验室37℃培养24h,各取10例,计算均值。诊室连续使用3.5h后,将普通血培养基放置于牙科治疗椅水杯平台、牙科治疗椅后方2m远的护士操作台表面,暴露5min,实验室37℃培养24h,隔日1次,共取10次,统计菌落均值,计算空气细菌菌落总数。结果牙科医师身体表面不同部位及牙科治疗椅周边均被污染,污染最严重的是口罩,与防护眼镜的污染有显著性差异(P<0.05);诊室使用后,空气污染明显。结论在口腔治疗过程中,牙科医师和牙科治疗椅周边的污染均十分严重;诊室空气细菌菌落总数明显高于医院消毒卫生标准。医师应注重自身防护,诊室设备、空气应及时消毒、灭菌。

Objective To investigate the effects of operative and periodontal treatment on dentist and air pollution in the dental office by examining microorganism. Methods Samples were collected during dental treatment by placing the blood agar plate on the dentist＇s mask, protective eyewear, dentist＇ chest, light of dental unit and barrier beside dental unit for 1 minute. After being cultured for 24 hours at 37℃ ,the bacteria were observed. Air samples of dental office 3.5 hours after treatment started were collected on blood agar plate by the method of sedimentation, and the plates were put in two different positions about 2 meters from dental unit and exposed for 5 minutes. The samples were collected every other clay for ten times altogether. After being cultured for 24 hours at 37℃, microorganism was calculated. Results Both body surface of the dentists and places beside dental unit were polluted. The mask was polluted most seriously. There was a significant difference in pollution between mask and eyewear （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The air in the dental office was also polluted several hours after treatment started. Conclusion During dental practice, both dentist pollution and pollution beside dental unit are very serious. The sum of air microoganism in dental office exceeds the national hospital sterilization standard.