腐食酪螨在不同温度和营养条件下生长发育的比较研究

Development and growth of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)(Acarina: Acaridae) bred under different temperatures with different nutriments

在12.5℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃恒温下,用啤酒酵母粉和玉米粉为饲料,测定了不同温度和饲料条件下腐食酪螨Tyrophagusputrescentiae各个发育阶段和世代的发育历期,获得其在各条件下的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,在本文的实验温度范围内,该螨的发育历期与温度呈负相关,即随着温度的升高发育历期缩短。在各发育阶段不同饲料条件下发育起点温度和有效积温都有所差异。用啤酒酵母粉作饲料时,腐食酪螨的全世代历期为48.04天(12.5℃下)和8.41天(30℃下),发育起点温度为10.18℃,有效积温为155.44d·℃;用玉米粉作饲料时,全世代历期为78.79天(12.5℃下)和10.77天(30℃下),发育起点温度为10.52℃,有效积温为208.33d·℃。以成螨体长和体宽为指标,比较了在各温度条件及不同饲料条件对其生长的影响,结果表明不同饲料对螨体大小有显著影响,温度的影响不明显。

The development and growth of every stage of Tyrophagus putrescentiae （Schrank） bred with two different food （corn and yeast） under constant temperatures 12.5℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃ and 30℃, respectively, were studied. The developmental threshold temperature （DTF） and effective accumulated temperature （EAT） of different stage of T. putrescentiae were calculated. The results showed that the developmental period and the temperature were in negative correlation within the temperature range tested, i. e., with the increase of temperature the time needed for development was shortened. The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were different for the mites bred at the same constant temperature but with different food. For the mites bred with yeast, the whole generation took 48.04 d and 8.41d under 12.5℃ and 30℃, respectively; DTT was 10.18℃ and EAT 155.44 d· ℃. While for the mites bred With corn, the whole generation lasted 78.79 d and 10.77 d under 12.5℃ and 30℃ ; DTT was 10.52℃; and EAT was 208.33 d·℃. The body length and width of the adult mites were used to compare influence of food and temperature on the mite development. The results showed that food ingredient played important role, while temperature had almost no effect on body size of the mite.