中国晚更新世—早全新世过渡期狩猎采集者的适应变迁

Adaptive Changes of Hunter-Gatherers during the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Transition in China

晚更新世之末到全新世之初是史前人类适应行为发生急剧改变的重要时期,其代表性的变化就是食物生产的起源。考古发现的证据与生态模拟的预测、推导相对比,显示出良好的耦合性。考古证据还显示这个时期的狩猎采集者采用了多样的适应模式以应对环境变化的挑战,食物生产并非唯一的选择;与此同时,食物生产的产生对环境和文化系统的初始条件具有强烈的依赖性。尽管晚更新世之末迅速的环境变化促进了食物生产的起源,但是考古材料与模拟的耦合、狩猎采集者适应变迁的多样性、食物生产起源的特殊机制都显示出这个时期的人类文化行为系统在生计模式的选择之间保持着一定的张力,以最好地适应环境的变化。

Food production is recognized as one of the most significant events that marks the transition from the late Pleistocene to early Holocene. However, not all hunter-gatherers appeared to accept this subsistence strategy immediately. A previously published model （see Vol. 25：42 - 55） predicted that forager strategies would be seen in the plant-dependents of South China and Southwest China, as well as the animal dependents of the northeast-southwest transitional zone, which has the highest hunting resources. In addition, collector strategies would be used by peoples who were dependent on plants in North and Central China, where food production emerged. This research compares the model with archaeological evidence, and explores the relationship between them. In addition, this paper also evaluates hunter-gatherer subsistence diversity of those who did not initially utilize food production at the end of late Pleistocene. Finally, 1 discuss possible mechanisms of adaptive changes of late Pleistocene-early Holocene hunter-gatherers in China.