宁波市实际道路下汽车排放特征的研究

A study on the real-world vehicle emission characteristics in Ningbo

采用一套车载尾气测试系统,对选取的6辆代表性车辆在宁波市实际道路行驶中的瞬时排放进行测试.该车载尾气测试系统可逐秒获取测试车辆在行驶过程中的排放、油耗、速度和位置等参数.根据测试结果,研究计算了6辆测试车辆的排放因子（g·km^-1）和油耗（L·100km^-1）,并分析了汽车行驶特征对排放和油耗的影响.研究结果表明,落后技术（化油器）车辆的CO、HC和NOx分别是新技术（欧Ⅱ）车的7.9、15 5和2.4倍;汽车的CO和HC排放因子和百公里油耗随速度的增加而降低;怠速和变速对汽车排放和油耗有显著影响,变速行驶状态下,汽车CO、HC和NOx排放因子,以及百公里油耗,分别是匀速行驶状态下的1.18～1.61、1.17～1.42、1.08～1.42和1.08～1.24倍.

Using a set of on-board vehicle emissions test system, 6 selected typical vehicles were tested on urban roads in Ningbo. This on-board emission test system can record emissions, fuel consumption and speed second by second. According to the test data, the emission factors of the 6 tested vehicles were calculated, and the influence of driving patterns and road types on the emissions were analyzed. The results show： the emission factors of CO （ g·100km^-1 ） , HC （ g·100km^-1 ） and NO, （ g·100km^-1 ） from the vehicles with older technology （carburetor） are 7.9, 15.5 and 2.4 times than those of the vehicles with newer technology （ Euro Ⅱ ） respectively ; emission factors of CO（ g·m^-1） , HC（ g·km^-1 ） and fuel consumption（ L·100km^-1） decrease with the increase of the speed. It is also found that idling, acceleration and deceleration have negative impact on emission factors and fuel consumption. The emission factors of CO （ g·km^-1） , HC （ g·0km^-1 ） , NOx （ g·km^-1） , and fuel consumption （ L·100km^-1 ） during acceleration and deceleration period are 1.18 -1.61, 1.17- 1.42, 1.08 - 1.42 and 1.08- 1.24 times than those during cruise period respectively.