穗肥不同施用期对水稻产量和米质的影响

Effect of Application Stage of Panicle Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rice

试验以广陵香粳(迟熟中粳稻)和两优培九(杂交中籼稻)为材料,研究穗肥施用期对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明:(1)穗肥不同施用期对产量的作用,品种间有差异。两优培九在15kg/mu施氮量下,于倒3叶、倒2叶期等量分次施用穗肥,在10kg/mu施氮量下,于倒4叶、倒2叶期等量分次施用穗肥,获得较高产量。广陵香粳在适宜施氮水平下,倒4叶、倒2叶期等量分次施用穗肥,有利于穗粒协调,并能提高结实率与粒重,产量提高。(2)两优培九同一施氮水平,随着穗肥施用期推迟,稻米的垩白率和垩白度降低,整精米率提高,直链淀粉的含量和胶稠度减少,粗蛋白的含量增加。广陵香粳的垩白率、垩白度、整精米率和粗蛋白含量随着穗肥施用期推迟而提高,而直链淀粉含量和胶稠度则有所降低。因此两优培九穗肥宜在倒3叶、倒1叶期,广陵香粳在倒4叶、倒2叶期分次施用可改善稻米品质,同时获得较高的产量。

The experiments were carried out with Guanglingxiangjing and Liangyoupeijiu, the effect of application stage of panicle fertilizer on yield and the quality of rice were studied systematically. The results showed as follows： （1） Different cultivars varied under different application stage of panicle fertilizer. Under 15kg/mu total application amount of nitrogen, Liangyoupeijiu, that was applicated at inverse 1st leaf stage got high yield easily, under 10kg/mu total application amount of nitrogen, it got higher yield at inverse 4th leaf and inverse 2nd leaf stage. Under suitable total application amount of nitrogen, Guanglingxiangjing was coordinated between panicle and ears, enhanced kilo grain weight and seed setting percentage, and enhanced yield at inverse 4th leaf and inverse 2nd leaf stage. （2） Under the same application amount, along with postponing the application stage, the percentage of chalkiness and chalkiness of Liangyoupeijiu were lowered, and the milling quality and the protein content were improved, the amylose content and the gel consistency were decreased, the percentage of chalkiness and the milling quality and the protein content of Guanglingxiangjing, were increased along with postponing the application stage, but the amylase content and gel consistency was decreased. Therefore, to got high yield, the panicle fertilizer of Liangyoupeijiu was applied twice at inverse 3rd leaf and inverselst leaf stage, and Guanglingxiangjing was at inverse 4th leaf and inverse 2nd leaf stage.