嗜虫书虱性信息素的提取方法和生物活性测定方法

Study on methods of extraction and bioassay test sex pheromone of adult female of Psocids Liposcelis entomophila

首次利用嗜虫书虱Liposcelis entomophila雄虫分别爬向雌、雄虫的时间确定了嗜虫书虱是雌虫分泌的性信息素,而不是雄虫分泌的聚集信息素。首次在国内外对微小个体的啮齿目昆虫嗜虫书虱L.entomophila性信息素的提取方法和生物活性测定方法进行了研究。在自制圆盘诱捕器的生物活性测定试验中,雄虫爬向雌虫平均只需要(20.00±2.44)min(N=10),而雄虫爬向雄虫的时间平均需要(70.50±6.56)min,两者差异极显著(p<0.01),说明了是雌虫分泌的性信息素。采用有机溶剂(正己烷和二氯甲烷)浸泡法和顶空气体收集方法并用两种溶剂(正己烷和二氯甲烷)进行淋洗收集嗜虫书虱未交尾雌成虫性信息素,分别用自制的圆盘诱捕器和模拟仓诱捕器和“Y”型嗅觉仪三种方法对不同方法提取的性信息素粗提物进行了生物活性测定,结果表明:顶空气体收集法得到的正己烷淋洗液在自制的圆盘诱捕器诱捕法中对雄虫的引诱活性最强,其诱集系数和诱虫数分别是46.3%±4.2%和14.0±1.0,与未交配的雌虫的相当,两者差异不显著(p>0.05),与顶空气体收集法得到的二氯甲烷淋洗液及正己烷浸泡液和二氯甲烷浸泡液的差异均显著(p<0.05)。说明顶空气体收集法用正己烷淋洗方法可以用来收集嗜虫书虱雌成虫性信息素。不同生物活性测定方法研究表明“Y”型嗅觉仪是在理想的状态下进行的选择性试验,其对正己烷淋洗液的诱集系数和诱虫数均较高,分别为55.3%±6.3%和15.0±1.8,与圆盘诱捕法相比差异不显著(p>0.05),和模拟仓诱捕法相比差异显著(p<0.05)。因此在实际应用中主要考虑利用圆盘诱捕法对嗜虫书虱进行诱捕。

That sex pheromone was extracted by adult female of Psocids Liposcelis entomophila was first ensured by difference times spent by male to crawl to female and male. It is the first time in all the worlds that methods of extraction and bioassay test sex pheromone of tiny individual insect especially Liposcelis entomophila were studied. Average time spent by male to crawl to female and male were 20.00 ± 2.44min and 70.50 ± 6.56 min respectively in bioassay by self-made disc trap and there were significantly difference（p 〈 0.01）. This result indicated that it is female but not male that released sex pheromone. Two methods were used to extract female sex pheromone, including organic solvent dipping（ n-hexene and dichloromethane）and dynamic headspace collecting and extracted by n-hexene and dichloromethane method. Three bioassay methods （self-made disc trap, mimicked storehouse and ＂Y＂ olfactometer） were used to examine the bioactivity of different crude extraction of sex pheromone. Using the disc trap designed by ourselves, extraction by n-hexene through dynamic headspace collecting method had the highest bioactivity, the trap coefficient and the trap number were 46.3% ± 4.2% and 14.6 ± 1.0 respectively and were equivalent to the virgin of L. entomophila female, both difference was not significantly（p 〉 0.05） but was significantly difference with other crude extraction （p 〈 0.05）. This result indicated that dynamic headspace collecting method could be used to collect sex pheromone of tiny individual L. entomophila adult female. The results of different bioassay showed that trap coefficient and the trap number of extraction by n- hexene in headspace collecting by ＂Y＂ olfactometer were highest 55.3 % ± 6.3 % and 15.0 ± 1.8, but these were not significantly different with trap coefficient and number in disc trap （p 〉 0.05） and were significantly with trap coefficient and number in mimicked storehouse （ p 〈 0.05）. In fact. disc trao could be used to trao L. entomophila.