极限荷载破坏模式界定的墩基础

Pier foundation defined by the failure model of ultimate load

墩基础已被广泛应用，但什么是墩子？它与桩子和浅基础如何区别，是按外形有无扩大头，或按施工工艺，或是按极限荷载长径比不同的破坏机理区分，一些权威性文献也未给出统一确认的界定方法。设计是为了工程实用，本文提出应按极限承载破坏机理特征界定。

The pier is largely used in the foundation engineering, but the concept of pier does not been defined, and this is difficult to distinguish the essential difference among pile and shallow foundation. Some authority also didn＇t define the conception of pier in the same condition, for example defining the pier by the enlarged base under-pile, or by the construction craft, or the failure mechanism in the ultimately loading condition and the difference of length-diameter ratio of pile. The purpose of design is to practice in work, and the basic concept must be right, so the conception of pier ought to be defined by the failure mechanism in the ultimately loading condition.