奥斯卡·尼迈耶——拉戈阿住宅与卡诺阿斯住宅

OSCAR NIEMEYER: LAGOA HOUSE AND CANOAS HOUSE

本文旨在分析巴西建筑师奥斯卡·尼迈耶在1942年与1953年所建造的两幢自宅,归纳在其空间构成、结构以及体验上的异同,重点在于分析这两幢住宅与各自所处的环境关系。文章结论系于尼迈耶如何将柯布西耶的设计理念与巴西的环境相结合。在第一幢住宅中,他严格地遵守柯布所设定的原则,而其后则在卡诺阿斯住宅的自由形体中作出种种发展与修改。在第二幢住宅中,建筑与自然紧密联系,并可以在可视性与可达性上通过空间句法分析证明。同时也可认为拉戈阿住宅功能被明确区分为室内与室外两个独立部分,而卡诺阿斯住宅则作为一个完整的整体体系。全部的研究基于柯布西耶理念背景以及巴西自由形式运动。

This paper analyses two houses that the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer built for himself in 1942 and 1953. The question addressed is what are the differences and similarities that call be found in the houses, in terms of composition, configuration and experience. Special emphasis is given to the way in which these two houses relate to their respective exteriors. The answer, it is proposed, lies in the way in which Niemeyer synthesizes the Corbusian Manifesto and the Brazilian milieu. He takes the Corbusian ideas quite literally on the first house and then evolves and inverts most of the conventions in the Free-Form Canoas House, A close relation with nature Is explored in the second house, demonstrated as well in terms of vl^ibili~ and accessibility through syntactical analysis, It is also suggested that the Lagoa house functions as two independent entities： interior and exterior, while the Canoas House works as one whole integrated system. The whole study is explored against the background of the Corbusian Manifesto and the Free-Form moveme In Brazii