西文古典家具史论(六) 中世纪及其仿罗马式家具(上)

Historicism of Western Classical Furniture(VI) Medieval Times and Romanesque Furniture(I)

自5世纪西罗马帝国灭亡至公元15世纪西欧文艺复兴间约1000左右的时间被史学界称为“中世纪”。在其早期(约公元600-1050年),物质条件相对贫困。其盛期(约1050-1300年),是西欧力量增强的时期。仿罗马式(Romansque)艺术和建筑兴起于11世纪,到12世纪末期被哥特式所取代。这种风格融合了晚期罗马、拜占庭和蛮族的基本图案和色彩,实际上,它是从查理大帝自觉的“罗马复兴”开始的。对它的另一种更早的称谓是“基督教国家”(Christendom),这个词的意思本来指的是11世纪的西欧地区,这个地区是以拉丁文化为基础来继承古代传统的。自此以后,家具的西方传统就成为“基督教精神”的了。

The early period of Medieval times was from 600 AD to 1050 AD and its flottrishing age is from 1050 AD to 1300 AD when the we.sere Europe grew up and became the one of the strongest power of the world in the first time of its instoty. Romanesque art and architecture was rised in eleventh eenVaty which existed for a short time and replaced by Gothic in the twefth century. Romanseque art and architecture united motifs drawn from late Rome, Byzantium, and the barbarians： they really began with Charlemagne＇s conscious ‘Roman revival＇. Another, older term also reflects its nature it was the art of ‘Christendom＇, a word which in the eleventh century became attached to a geographical area, an area which inherited through a Latin based culture the tmdinons of the ancient classical past. Henceforth, the western tradition in furniture was to be that of Chiistiandom.