生物成因天然气勘探前景初步分析

PRILIMINARY ANALYSIS OF EXPLORATION POTENTIAL OF BIOGENETIC GAS

生物气是厌氧条件下菌类活动的代谢产物,它的形成需要特定的环境介质条件,能够满足这些条件的地质体分布非常广泛,且产甲烷菌生成的原始有机质类型丰富多样:未熟—低熟有机质、浅部埋藏的原油、经历抬升剥蚀的煤页岩中的有机质等。我国生物气资源类型丰富,潜力巨大,然而勘探现状却是:生物气种类单调、分布虽广泛,但探明资源量低且只是偶有发现,与良好的资源潜力不相符合。其主要原因是研究程度较低,对成气机理、主控因素认识不足,聚集与分布规律探索不够,影响了对资源总量的客观评价与发现节奏。文章同时对生物气勘探过程中所存在的主要问题及研究方向进行了分析。

Biogas is the metabolic product of bacteria in oxygen-free environment. Its formation requires specific environment conditions, which are not special in geologic bodies, and geologic bodies with these conditions are very extensively distributed. There are many types of primary organic material generated by methanobacteria, such as immature-low mature organic matter, oil in shallow reservoirs and organic matter in danks experienced uplift and erosion. The category of biogas is much more extensive than that in traditional sense. It is predicted that the types of biogas are rich and the potentials of biogas resources are large in China. The status of biogas exploration, however, is that the unitary biogas types, extensive distribution, relatively small amount of discovered biogas resources and random discovery process disaccord with the large potential of biogas. This is mainly caused by the low level of study, poor understanding of the mechanism and main control factors of biogas generation and inadequate knowledge of biogas accumulation and distribution. All these have influenced the objective evaluation of the total amount of biogas resources and the discovery speed of biogas reservoirs. The main problems of biogas exploration and future direction of study are also analyzed in this paper.