论环境侵权责任社会化救济的理论依据及其实现途径

On Theoretical Basis for the Social Relief of Environmental Tort Liability and Its Realization

环境侵权行为具有主体不平等、危害范围广泛、间接潜伏、原因多元、价值正当等特点。环境侵权行为具有社会性,环境侵权损害往往是严重的社会性权益损害。环境损害的受害人不仅应该从加害人处获得传统意义上的损害赔偿,基于环境侵权行为的社会性,通过合理的制度设计,受害人应该而且能够通过社会途径获得补偿。比如环境责任保险制度,财务保证制度,行政补偿制度都是通过社会化的方式使受害人及时充分的获得救济。

Environmental tort has several characteristics such as unequal parties concerned, wide damaging range, indirect and hidden results incurred, various causes of tort infringement, value legality, etc. For the widely - spread results caused by environmental tort, the tort damage often leads to severe infringement of social interests. In terms of the compensation for environmental damage, aggrieved party should obtain social remedy through rational system, rather than the indemnity of wrong - doer in traditional meanings. For instance, these systems should include system of liability insurance of environment torts, financing assurance system, administrative compensation system.