再论杜甫时政诗的创作必须——由杨义“悟后解诗”法说起

Second Thoughts on the Prerequisites for Du Fu's Poems Concerning Current Political Affairs from the Perspective of Yang Yi's Method of "Interpreting Poem after Comprehension"

杨义先生的《李杜诗学》以“悟后解诗”法分析杜甫时政诗之一《赠花卿》,认为它在政治层面“并无所指”,并对传统的解杜法提出了质疑,认为杜诗所谓的意在言外其实是“过分牵系儒家经义”。然而从《赠花卿》创作的时代背景如时间、地点等方面入手,同时对诗歌本身进行感情层面的推敲,杨义先生的观点并不能令人信服。此外,杜甫的入世心态、唐代“以诗鉴治”的政治需求决定了杜甫以时政入诗的必然性与可能性,唐诗以“含蓄”为美的传统又决定了此类诗歌传达主旨时的隐蔽性,因而杜诗是否“意在言外”,有待与杨义先生商榷。

In his Poetics of Li Bai and Du Fu, the author Yang Yi, by adopting the method of ＂interpreting poem after comprehension＂, analyzed one of Du Fu＇s poems concerning current political affairs entitled Poem to Minister Hua. Yang argued that this poem had no political implication and questioned the traditional interpretation by stating that the so-called implied meanings of this poem just result from the extreme influence of Confucian doctrines. However, this paper holds that Yang＇s argument is not persuasive when we consider the following aspects ： background of creating this poem such as time, place, etc. ; emotional aspect of this poem; the poet＇s mental state of going into the society; the definiteness and likelihood of poet＇s writing politics in poems which was determined by the political demand in the Tang Dynasty; the vague expression of theme determined by the tradition of regarding implicitness as beauty in poetry of the Tang Dynasty.