对东南欧“巴尔干化”的历史解读

“Balkanization” in Southeastern Europe

“巴尔干化”的概念产生于19世纪末20世纪初,它是西方对于伴随奥斯曼帝国崩溃出现在巴尔干的政治暴力、种族冲突和国家的分崩离析等现象的描述。从历史的角度进行解读,“巴尔干化”既是东南欧弱小民族的民族意识觉醒后要建立民族国家的诉求与奥斯曼帝国维持在东南欧统治的要求相冲突的产物;同样,“巴尔干化”也渗透着欧洲列强的利益,反映了欧洲大国对巴尔干事务的干预,它是欧洲大国围绕如何瓜分奥斯曼帝国在巴尔干的领地而展开角逐的产物。究其根源,巴尔干各民族背负着敌意、仇视和冲突的历史重负是“巴尔干化”的一个不容忽视的因素。

The concept of “Balkanization” dates back to late 19th and early 20th centuries.It refers to the phenomenon of political violence,ethnic conflicts and disintegration in Balkan along with the collapse of Ottoman Empire.“Balkanization” is a result of the conflicts between small and weak ethnic groups in Southeastern Balkan and Ottoman Empire in Europe;the former are seeking to establish nation states,and the latter is trying to keep its control over the region.“Balkanization” is also a result of the fights among European powers to partition Ottoman's European territory,and which reflects the intervention of European powers in the region.Another important factor that should not be ignored is the heavy historical burdens of enmity,hostility and conflict that shouldered by nationalities in Balkan.