当代西方政党组织形态变化述评

Transformation of Party Organization Modality in Contemporary Western World

为适应社会发展,特别是政治生活的新变化,政党内部人员、技术和结构等诸要素结成的有机系统就会出现显著的变化。政党组织对内外环境变化做出整体调适的结果被称作政党组织形态的变化。西方政党自出现以来,其组织形态始终伴随工业化和现代化的进程不断变化,相继出现过核心型政党、大众型政党和全方位党。进入后工业社会以来,由于社会生活主题和社会资本的变化,以及信息网络技术的迅猛发展,西方政党正面临着新的组织转型。本文在对未来西方政党可能变化的组织形态作了初步考察和分析的基础上着重指出:政党作为介于社会与国家之间的社会团体,它的自身形态变化始终取决于包括目的、方式和技术手段变化在内的社会交往的变化。

Political party,as a social organism consists of different elements such as members and structures and technical tools,is always transforming in order to adapt itself to social development,especially political changes.The result of overall adaptation of political party to internal and external changes could be taken as transformation of organization modality.Ever since their establishment,the organization modalities of political parties in the west have been transforming along with the development of industrialization and modernization.And during the process,some so called “ caucus party”,“mass party”,and “catch-all party” come into being.When a post-modern society appeared,these parties are facing new changes due to the transformation of social capital and dramatic development of information and Internet technology.