“务去陈言”与“归本大中”——论韩柳古文“明道”方式的差异

"Getting Rid of Clichés" and "To Be Centered": Difference between HAN Yu and LIU Zong-yuan in Their Ways Interpreting Tao

韩愈与柳宗元古文的“明道”方式存在明显差异,韩文追求以不落陈俗、特立无匹的精神艺术个性来发明儒道,其所标举的“陈言务去”,并非仅仅体现于语言的创新,而是反映了其古文创作追求鲜明艺术个性的基本旨趣;柳宗元的古文并不刻意追求自异于众的艺术个性,而是以兼容众长、归本大中的旨趣发明儒道。“明道”方式的差异使韩柳在如何学习前代艺术,如何对待骈俪之文等问题上,表现出不同的态度。韩柳的分歧源于其“道”论的差异,韩愈着力从开启主体道德自觉与智慧的角度发明儒道,他深刻地继承了孔子仁学注重主体之开启的理论追求,柳宗元则更多地关注对儒道之普遍性原则的探索。明道方式的差异在韩柳的古文艺术中有丰富的呈现,韩文善于以丰富的情事和生动独创的语言与艺术手法发明儒家的人伦之道,较少在义理上探幽入微;柳文则更富于思辨性。

There is a great difference between HANan Yu and LIU Zong-yuan in their ways of interpreting Tao. ＂Getting rid of clich6s＂ and being unconventional are highly regarded in HAN Yu, but Liu holds ＂being centered＂ and constructing a balanced／unified whole. Therefore, HAN Yu and LIU Zong-yuan differ essentially in their attitude towards the aesthetics of Parallelism and how to learn from the old writers. This difference can find reasons in their different understandings of Confucianism. HAN Yu believes in the subjective consciousness in the restoration of Confucianism, while LIU Zong- yuan is interested in investigating the general principles.