1294例小儿烧伤创面特点的临床分析

Clinical analysis of the characteristics of 1294 cases of pediatric burn wounds

目的：探讨影响小儿烧伤创面大小和深度的因素。方法：通过对1294例14岁以下小儿烧伤住院患者病史资料的分析,探讨不同性别、年龄、烧伤原因和不同年代或人口组成对小儿烧伤创面的影响。结果：患儿平均烧伤面积为11．83±9．89%TBSA,Ⅲ度烧伤面积为3．89±1．24%TBSA,性别间无统计学差异(P＞0．05)。烧伤创面主要分布在头面颈、躯干前侧；热液是主要烧伤原因,非热液的Ⅲ度烧伤面积显著较大；居家是发生烧伤主要场所,而公共场所Ⅲ度烧伤面积显著较大(P＜0．01)；4～6岁组患儿平均烧伤面积显著较大(P＜0．01),7～14岁组Ⅲ度烧伤面积最大(P＜0．01)；本市和外来患儿烧伤总面积和Ⅲ度烧伤面积无统计学差异(P＞0．05)。结论：患者年龄、烧伤原因、烧伤场所是影响烧伤面积大小的重要因素。

Objective： To explore the factors influencing the severity of burn in children. Method： Clinical data of 1294 burn children aged below 14 were analyzed. The influence of the factors on the severity of burn was analyzed, including sex, age, burn cause and social background of the patients. Result： The average burn area was 11.83 ± 9. 89% TBSA. The area of 3^nd degree burn was 3.89 ± 1.24% TBSA. No statistically significant difference was found between males and females, （ P 〉0. 05 ）. Most of the wounds were distributed in head, face, neck and anterior part of the trunk and resulted from hot liquid scald. The area of 3^nd degree burn wounds resulted from other than hot liquid scald was significantly larger than that scalded by hot liquid, （P 〈0.01）. Most of the children were burned at home and those burned at public places always had larger 3^nd degree burn wounds, （ P 〈0. 01 ）. Children aged from 4 to 6 had an average burn area larger than those below 4, and children aged from 7 to 14 had the largest 3^nd degree burn area, （ P 〈0. 01 ）. There was no significant difference in total burn area and 3^nd degree burn area between local children and children from other places, （ P 〉0.05 ）. Conclusion： Age, cause of burn and burn site are important factors influencing the severity of burn in children.