近50年来三江平原北部土地利用/土地覆被变化及生态效应分析

Analysis of cultivated land reclamation process and the ecological effects in north of Sanjiang Plain from 1950's

土地利用/覆被变化在全球变化中占有重要地位,对于综合模拟和评价环境问题非常重要。区域案例研究方法是土地利用/土地覆被的研究核心,以中尺度的三江平原北部作为研究区域,重建并分析了自1954年以来该地区4个时段的土地利用/土地覆被格局及其时空演化过程,在此基础上重点分析了20世纪50年代以来耕地的开发过程。结果表明1954年到2000年期间,以湿地、草地和林地转换成耕地为该区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的主要形式,耕地面积由占总面积的5.29%上升到51.81%,同时湿地占总面积的52.49%下降到15.71%,并指出人类的农垦活动是湿地减少和生态环境恶化的根本原因。

Land use and land cover change plays a pivotal role in global environmental change. It is very important for integrated model and environmental evaluation. Case studies are the core of land use and land cover change. North of Sanjiang Plain is taken as an example, 4 periods of land use and land cover pattern are reconstructed and temporal, spatial changes during 1954 and 2000 are also analyzed. The increasing process of cultivated land form 1954 and the influences of land use and land cover change on the ecology and environment are analyzed on this basis. The results show that wetland, grassland, forestland translating into cultivated land is the main shape of land use and land cover change. The area proportion of cultivated land increases from 5.29% to 51.81%, at the same time, the proportion of wetland decreases from 52.49% to 15.71%. And the main cause of the deteriorating ecology and environment is the reclamation of human being.