日本无条件投降的决策过程

The Process of Japan to Make the Decision on Unconditional Surrender

日本无条件投降决策，经历了一个漫长的过程。导致其一再错过主动投降求和的主要原因，是一直对回避战败地位、逃避战后处罚和延续固有统治，抱有不切实际的幻想。但随着战场上的节节败退，骄横狂妄的日本统治层也不得不朝着投降议和方向在运作。原子弹的袭击为日本提供了“天佑良机”：它不只是给军部强硬派的继战意志带来毁灭性打击，扫清了最后障碍，而且转移了民众追究战败政治责任的视线，回避了国内革命运动兴起，并进而实现了对天皇形象的重新塑造。日本决策者普遍认为，其投降是以美国默认天皇制继续存在为前提的。如果再联系战后象征天皇制的如愿采用，很难说日本的投降是无条件的。

Japan had taken a long time to make the decision on unconditional surrender. The crucial cause making Japan fail to surrender and reconcile actively was that it stuck to its impracticable imagination, ignoring its status as a defeated nation, in order to escape the postwar punishment and maintain its original domination. However, as its continuous retreat in defeat, Japanese rulers, who were overbearing initially, had to transform their policy orientation towards surrender and reconcilement. The attack of atomic bomb provided Japan with a wonderful opportunity. That bomb not only fatally struck Japanese army headquarters, which held on its determination to go on with the war, thus clearing the obstacle to cease - fire, but also shifted the eyes of the mass away from condemning the responsibility of domestic politics, avoiding the emergence of national revolution, and then successfully shaping the image of Mikado. The Japanese decision - makers had a reservation of Japanese monarchy by the United States. Additionally, considering the successful establishment of symbolic Japanese monarchy after the war, it＇ s hard to say that Japan＇ s surrender was unconditional.