就业心理指导对军医大学地方生心理健康的影响

Effect of Psychological Education on Mental Health of Non-planned Students of Employment in Military Medical University

目的研究就业心理指导对军医大学地方生心理健康的影响。方法按职业认知、就业心态调整、自荐书和面试技巧4个专题,采用讲座、讨论、角色扮演、现场模拟等形式对192名军医大学地方生进行为期1个月的就业心理指导。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)于训练前后对地方生进行团体心理测评,进行训练前后总体和分层配对t检验。结果1就业心理指导后,地方生SCL-90躯体化、敌对性得分显著下降(P<0.05),强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、总均分和阳性项目数得分非常显著地下降(P<0.01)。分层分析显示,专科生心理指导后SCL-90恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子得分显著下降(P<0.05),其余因子得分非常显著地下降(P<0.01);本科生心理指导前后SCL-90各因子得分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2地方生心理指导前后CSQ各因子得分无显著差异(P>0.05)。分层分析显示,专科生心理指导前后CSQ各因子得分均无显著差异(P>0.05);本科生心理指导后解决问题因子得分显著提高(P<0.05),自责因子得分显著下降(P<0.05);3就业心理指导后,地方生SSRS支持总分非常显著地升高(P<0.01),主观支持和支持利用得分显著提高(P<0.05)。分层分析显示,专科生心理指导后SSRS支持总分和支持利用得分非常显著地升高(P<0.01),主观支持得分显著提高(P<0.05);本科生心理指导前后SSRS各因子得分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论就业心理指导提高军医大学地方生的心理健康水平,改善其社会支持和应对方式。就业心理指导对本科生和专科生作用不同。

Objective To study the effect of psychological education of employment on mental health of non-planned students in military medical university. Methods 192 non-planned students had been educated by developing student＇s adequafe employment cognition, good mood and skills of employment such as writing resume and interview during 1 month. Symptom checklist （SCL-90）, coping style questionnaire （CSQ） and social support rate scale （SSRS） were employed to evaluate the mental health of non-planned students before and after education, data were analyzed by paired-sample T test. Results ①As compared with pre-edueation, the SCL--90 scores of post-education of nonplanned students decreased obviously in all factors but phobic anxiety, paranoiel ideation and psyehotism（P〈0. 05）. There＇were no significant difference between pre-education and post-education in the SCL--90 scores of undergraduate. But in junior college students, the SCL--90 scores of post-education were lower than the ones of pre-edueation obviously in all faetors（P〈0. 05）. ②There was no significant difference between pre-edueation and post-education in CSQ scores of non-planned students. As compared with pre-education, the CSQ scores of undergraduate increased in resolving question, and decreased in self-denlal obviously （P〈0. 05）. There were no significant difference between pre-edueation and ptxst-edueation in the CSQ scores of junior college students. ③As compared with pre-edueation, the SSRS scores of post-education of non-planned students increased in general score, subjective support and support using obviously （P〈0. 05）. The junior college students＇ SSRS scores of post-education were higher than the ones of pre-edueation in general score, subjective support and support using Obviously （P〈0.05）, and there were no significant difference in the SSRS scores of undergraduate （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Psychological education for employment can improve mental health, social support and coping style of non-planned students in military medical university, and this effect showed some difference between undergraduate and junior college students.