世界油页岩综述

World Oil Shale

世界油页岩资源很丰富,其探明储量换算成页岩油,远大于世界原油的探明储量。美国油页岩储量居世界首位,其次则为俄罗斯、扎伊尔、巴西、加拿大、约旦、澳大利亚和中国。油页岩干馏制取页岩油始于19世纪上半叶的西欧国家,而后由于廉价原油的开采而衰落,又由于世界石油危机而兴起；如今中国、爱沙尼亚和巴西拥有页岩油的工业生产(中国有抚顺式炉、爱沙尼亚有Galoter和Kiviter炉、巴西有Petrosix炉)。此外,爱沙尼亚、德国、中国和以色列则拥有油页岩燃烧产蒸汽发电的工业装置。当前,由于世界原油价格上涨,页岩油的生产在不少国家己有利可图,中国、爱沙尼亚等国家正扩建、新建页岩油工厂,美国也有对其丰富的油页岩资源进行加工利用的意向。

World oil shale resources are plentiful with the proven reserves in place of shale oil is richer than that of crude oil in the world. USA ranks the first in oil shale reserves, the next are Russia, Zaire, Brazil, Canada, Jordan, Australia, and China. The oil shale dry distillation for producing shale oil started in the first half of nineteenth century in Western European countries, hereafter declined due to the development of cheaper crude oil, and then re-developed due to world oil crisis. Nowadays, China, Estonia, and Brazil have the oil shale dry distillation industry （China has the Fushun type retort, Estonia the Kiviter type, Brazil the Petrosix type）. Besides, Estonia, China, German, and Israel have the oil shale combustion equipment for producing power. In recent years, due to the high world oil price, the production of shale oil from oil shale becomes profitable in many countries, Estonia, China and other countries are planning to expand their shale oil production; USA is intended to utilize its plentiful oil shale resources.