绿色设计中的材料选择多目标决策

MULTI-OBJECTIVE DECISION-MAKING OF MATERIALS SELECTION IN GREEN DESIGN

成本与环境影响是绿色设计中材料选择的重要决策因素,为此提出了一种材料选择的定量化多目标决策分析方法,分析了绿色设计中材料选择问题的决策目标与约束条件,建立了以生命周期成本与生命周期环境影响为目标变量,以定量的物理性能属性、回收性能及定性属性为约束条件的多目标决策模型。从材料的直接成本、加工制造成本及回收成本三方面定量化构建材料的生命周期成本,采用生态指数方法定量化分析材料及其过程的生命周期环境影响。为了求解决策模型,给出了材料预选择的可行解集搜索算法PSSA,并进一步采用TOPSIS方法对可行解集求解最优解。最后分析了一个台灯设计中的材料选择实例,结果表明所提出的多目标决策模型对绿色设计中的材料选择有重要指导作用。

Cost and environmental impact are the two primary objectives for the material selection problem in green design. The quantitative analysis method is presented for the problem with the life cycle concept. The objectives and constraint conditions of the material selection problem are analyzed in green design, and the multi-objective decision-making model is established, which takes material lifecycle cost and lifecycle environmental impact （EI） as the two objective variables, and mechanical and physical properties, recyclability and other qualitative properties as the constraints. The material lifecycle cost is aggregated by the production cost, manufacturing cost and recycling cost. Eco-Indicator＇99 is adopted to analyze the holistic lifecycle environmental impact of materials and processes, in order to quantify the decision objective EI. The possible solutions search algorithm （PSSA） is used to pre-select the materials to obtain the feasible solutions, and TOPSIS method is used to acquire the optimal solution. As shown in the reading lamp design case study presented for the materials selection of the reading lamp, the results of the multi-objective decision-making analysis can provide useful design guidelines.