我国现行主要稀土矿分解流程的经济技术指标分析

Economical and Technical Indices of Decomposition Processes of Typical Rare Earth Minerals in China

对我国主要稀土矿分解方式进行了阐述,着重讨论了离子吸附型稀土矿、氟碳铈矿和包头白云鄂博矿的典型前处理方式的经济技术指标,对目前最常用前处理方法的投资、生产单耗、成本进行了统计和分析。离子吸附型稀土矿赋存状态奇特,富含高价值中重稀土,但品位低、分布广,多以离子交换的方式开采,环境保护面临的突出问题是植被恢复和废水达标排放;北方矿以轻稀土为主,价值相对较低,原矿品位高,分布集中,露天开采后多以重、磁、浮选工艺选出精矿,然后用煅烧和酸浸结合的工艺进行冶炼,废水和废气以及废渣是环境保护的主题。这些不同稀土矿前处理工艺的特点、发展历史以生产消耗等情况,既可作为稀土生产的投资参考,也可作为稀土企业挖潜改造、提高生产管理水平和环境保护水平的重要依据。

The typical treatment processes we of main rare earth resources in China, especially the economical and technical indices of the minerals decomposition of such as ionic adsorptive rare earth deposit ore, bastnasite and mixed with monazite in Baotou, was presented. The dispersive ionic adsorptive rare earth deposit ore, which is enriched on valuable middle and heavy elements, concentrated by bicarbonate precipitation after exchanging with ammonium sulphate solution. Planting and waste liquid should be focused. Bastnasite and/or monazite, which is enriched light rare earth, centralized with high content and capacity,concentrated by gravimetric, magnetic, floating, then decomposed by calcinations and leaching. Waste liquid, gases and dregs should be treated properly. Investors interested in RE industry can find out the technical and economic characters and history of various RE minerals. Engineers and workers in RE industry can also find the differences of the plants, so as to make more efforts on improving management. However, solving environment protection problems for each process should be committed extraordinarily in order to make a sustainable development of RE industry.