神经质和外倾的负情绪减弱调节特点

Diverse Consequences of Neuroticism and Extraversion on Down-regulation of Negative Emotions

神经质和外倾一致被认为是有典型情绪风格的人格特质。人格生物机制研究发现,这两种特质在神经递质、脑机制及遗传等方面都具有其特定的机制。可是,关于这两种特质在情绪调节过程的生理心理机制研究还比较少。这项研究试图寻找高神经质和高外倾人群在负情绪调节过程中,包括情绪主观报告、表情行为及生理反应等方面的变化特点。研究采用生理心理实验法比较了高神经质和高外倾被试在使用认知重评、表情抑制减弱由录像片段诱发的负情绪(厌恶)时所引起情绪成分的实际变化结果。28名高神经质和28名高外倾大学生被试参加了实验。结果表明:与高外倾组比较,高神经质组在情绪激活及调节之前阶段(指导语阶段)的FPV增幅较大,在情绪被激活及调节阶段(正片阶段)的R-R间期增幅较小,整个调节过程报告较多的负情绪(如痛苦)变化。研究从生理心理层面进一步地说明,与高外倾比较,高神经质确实更容易激活其负情绪,而且,更难以对其负情绪实施减弱调节。

Neuroticism and Extraversion are empirically well characterized as negative affect and extraversion is regard confirmed as two representative emotional traits. Neuroticism is ed as positive affect. Current investigations of the biological basis of personality have further identified the heritability to traits, the role of neurotransmitters and the neural structures that mediate trait-typical behaviors. But few studies have been conducted to examine the different consequences of these two traits on emotion regulation processes in multiple domains included subjective, expressive and physiological responses. In this study, we intended to investigate the diverse consequences in emotional changes between neuroticism and extraversion when they down-regulated their negative emotions. We hypothesized that individuals of higher scores in neuroticism would have a stronger activated negative affect system but weaker down-regulation system comparing to individuals of higher scores in extraversion. Method ： We adapted an experimental paradigm of emotion regulation developed by J.J. Gross. Participants were college students. Among them, 25 had higher scores on extraversion and 25 had higher scores on neuroticism. Participants were assigned to down-regnlate their negative emotions manipulated by reappraisal or suppressive instruction when they were watching a disgust film in 62 seconds （mutilated surgery）. Reappraisal was instructed as ＂please watching the following film carefully. Try to keep you in objective and unemotional attitude, and jast to observe and think its facts from a technical perspective. Please try your best to avoid feeling its emotional aspects. ＂ Suppression was instructed as ＂please watching the following film carefully. Try to conceal your emotions when you feel. Please try to suppress your emotions and dong let others know what you are feeling. ＂ Physiological responses and expressive behaviors were measured continuing during four periods （baseline, instruction, film and post film baseline） accordingly, and subjective reports were measured before and post of the experiment. 2×2 MANOVA were conducted to test effects of Traits （neuroticism and extraversion） and Regulation （reappraisal and suppression） on Emotional consequences in physiological responses, expressive behaviors and subjective reports. Results： Comparing to extraversion groups, neuroticism group exhibited a greater increase in FPV （Finger Pulse Volume ） during the instruction periods and smaller increase in R-R interval inter-beat interval when film was presenting as well as down-regulation was manipulating. Comparing to extraversion groups, neuroticism groups reported a greater increase in subjective pain experience in the down-regulation period. Conclusion ： The results indicate that individuals with higher scores on neuroticism are likely to activate negative emotions when they meet negative situations, but they have less potential psychologically and physiologically to down-regulate their activated negative emotions. This may help explain why neuroticism is characterized as a negative affect and extraversion is characterized as a positive affect.