缓/控释肥料纳米-亚微米级胶结包膜复合材料的制备与表征

Preparation and Testing of Cementing and Coating Nano-subnanocomposites of Slow-or Controlled-release Fertilizer

目的以天然高岭土和废弃泡沫塑料为原料,制备高岭土和塑料-淀粉的纳米-亚微米级复合材料,用来作缓/控释肥料的胶结剂和包膜剂。方法采用有机物质插层复合、微乳化和高剪切方法制备了高岭土和塑料-淀粉的纳米-亚微米级复合材料,并通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、红外光谱和激光粒度分析对复合材料进行了测试和表征。结果(1)有机物质插入了高岭土的层间,天然高岭土被剥离成纳米尺寸的片状结构,有机物质和高岭土层间的水合羟基形成氢键连接;(2)塑料-淀粉纳米-亚微米级复合材料表面存在10～20nm左右大小不一的皱褶或孔径。结论此2种复合材料可用来作缓/控释肥料的胶结剂和包膜剂。

[Objective ] To select the cementing and coating agents of slow-or controlled-release fertilizer. [Method ] The natural kaoline and abandoned foam plastics were used to prepare nano-subnanocomposites using the methods.of organic material intercalation, emulsification, and cut at high velocity. Besides, two kinds of nano-subnanocomposites were tested via several instruments including the scanning electron-microscope（SEM）, the X-ray diffraction（XRD）, the infrared ray spectrum（IR） and the laser granularity in this study. [Result] （1） The organic material had been intercalated in the layers of kaoline clays, and the natural kaoline was exfoliated into nanometer sized layers. The organic material and clays formed nanocomposites through hydrogen bond combination. （2） The SEM pictures of plastic-starch nano-subnanocomposites showed that many pores and rugas ranged on the surface of film at size of 10-20 nm. [ Conclusion ] These nano-subnanocomposites can be used as the cementing and coating agents of solw- or controlled-release fertilizer.