开口箭提取物对荔枝霜疫霉菌的抑制作用及其对荔枝果实的贮藏效果

Effects of Extracts of Tupistra chinensis on Mycelia Growth of Peronophythora litchii and Storage Life of Litchi Fruit

目的寻找植物源抗菌物质用于果蔬采后病害的控制。方法对开口箭(Tupistrachinensis)根茎甲醇提取物进行了液-液分部萃取,利用生长速率法和果实接种病原菌的方法测定了提取物(萃)对荔枝霜疫霉菌(Peronophythoralitchii)的离体与活体抗菌活性,并用提(萃)取物处理荔枝进行了贮藏试验。结果开口箭甲醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯分部萃取物和正丁醇分部萃取物抑制荔枝霜疫霉菌菌丝生长的EC50分别为1598.10、662.86和1147.31μg.ml-1,用甲醇提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物溶液处理,荔枝果实接种感病率明显降低,并且上述提(萃)取物具有防治荔枝贮藏病害发生和延缓主要品质性状劣变的作用。结论开口箭甲醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯分部萃取物和正丁醇分部萃取物对荔枝霜疫霉菌具有明显的离体和活体抗菌活性,对荔枝果实具有较好的贮藏效果。

[Objective] To exploit plant-derived antifungal substances as an alternative strategy to control post-harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. [Method] The MeOH extract of the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis was fractioned sequentially with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH. The antifungal activities of the MeOH extract and its fractions against Peronophythora litchii were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using agar plate tests and intact fruit inoculated with Peronophythora litchii. Storage experiments of litchi fruits treated with the MeOH extract and its fractions were carried out. [ Result ] The EC50 values of the MeOH extract, its EtOAc fraction and n-BuOH fraction inhibiting the mycelia growth of P litchii were 1598.10, 662.86 and 1147.31μg·ml^-1, respectively. Dipping litchi fruit in the MeOH extract, its EtOAc fraction or n-BuOH fraction solution resulted in a significant reduction of P litchi inoculation infection. Additionally, the use of the above extract or fractions was significantly effective in reducing natural incidence of diseases and retarding quality deterioration of litchi fruits during storage. [ Conclusion] The MeOH extract of T.chinensis, its EtOAc fraction and n-BuOH fraction were distinct active against Peronophythora litchii both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of litchi fruits with the extract or fractions had beneficial storage effects.