洪泽湖流域洪涝灾害的成灾机理分析与探讨

Mechanism of Flood Disasters in the Hongzehu Lake Basin

本文从洪泽湖历史洪涝灾情入手,分析了洪涝灾害的孕灾机理,认为自然因素叠加了人类不合理的活动共同导致了洪泽湖洪涝发生。典型洪涝孕灾区的过渡性地理位置是导致洪涝发生的大环境背景原因；流域暴雨降水高度集中的特征是洪涝的触发器；黄河夺淮历史和泥沙淤积而成的“悬湖”和“倒比降”的脆弱性地形地貌是洪涝发生的历史根本原因；下游排洪通道标准低、行洪能力不足以及人类过度围垦造成库容和湖面减小的影响都加重加大了洪涝灾害的程度和频次。

The mechanism of the flood disasters is analyzed based on the understanding of the flood history in the Hongze lake.. It is considered the the natural factors and human actions lead to the floods in the Hungzehu lake Basin. Typical vulnerable geographic transition location is the basic environment background of floods, heavily intensified precipitation trigger floods in the lake drainage, historically induced high altitude and the inverse vertical section ratio are the fundamental reason, and the low flood discharge standard combined with the human influence also plays an important part in the flood disasters. The abovementioned mechanisms can be taken as a scientific guide for the prevention of flood disasters in the Hongzehu lake Basin and the middle reach of the Huaihe River.