从汉族主义到中华民族主义——清末民初国民党及其前身组织的边疆民族观转型

From the Ethno-Nationalism of the Han Nationality to the Nationalism of the Chinese Nation: The Transition of the Concept of Frontier Ethnic Groups by Kuomintang and Its Predecessorin Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic Period

学界对中国国民党边疆民族观的研究已经取得了丰富的成果,一些近代民族主义的研究也常常涉及这一问题,但是专门以国民党前身组织和其执掌全国政权之前的边疆民族观为考察对象,并梳理其边疆民族观演变过程的成果尚不多见。本文试图在前人研究的基础上,探讨这一问题。清末资产阶级革命组织及其政党边疆民族观的走向,深刻地影响了传统中国国家的转型,特别是其最终抛弃汉族主义,提出民族团结、平等思想,坚持大中华民族新主义,对唤醒各民族意识和各民族共同推动国家转型有着重要的历史作用。

Rich achievements have been made in the study of the concept offrontier ethnic groups by Kuomintang (the Nationalist Party of China). Although this problem is frequently involved in the study of the nationalism in modern time, few researches have focused on the concept and its evolution. This paper attempts to discuss the problem on the basis of previous researches. The evolution of the concept of frontier ethnic groups by bourgeoisrevolutionary organizations and their political party profoundly affected the transition of the traditional state in China. Particularly, their finally abandoning the ethno-nationalism of the Han and turning to put forward the concepts such as the unity and equality of nationalities and adhere to the nationalism of the whole Chinese nation played a significant role in awakening the consciousness of nationality and promoting the transition of the state.