具有阻力消除系统的球载落舱飞行动力学与数值分析

Flight dynamics and numerical analysis of balloon dropcapsule with aerodynamic drag eliminated system

利用球载落舱来研究短期微重力环境是目前空间科学中一个重要的研究课题，为了能够获得较好的微重力环境，必须有效地克服空气阻力对它的影响。研究了具有阻力消除系统的球载落舱的飞行运动规律及其动力学特性。根据最优控制理论进行数值计算，给出了克服纵向空气阻力的推力公式，并算出在此推力下舱体内部任意部位微重力加速度大小和量级，同时指出影响微重力加速度大小的有关因素，供试验设计时参考。

To study the micro gravity environment of dropcapsule with aerodynamic drag eliminated system and its dynamical characteristics, a calculation formula of the propulsive force eliminating the vertical aerodynamic drag was given by the optimum control theory, the micro gravity acceleration and its order of magnitude in arbitrary location of balloon dropcapsule were estimated with the help of the propulsive force. At the same time, several related factors influencing the micro gravity acceleration were described in the paper, which are very important for the test and design of the dropcapsule.