孙瑜:主流中的另类、类型中的作者

SUN Yu:Alien Ideas in the Mainstream,Authorship in the Genres

清华学子孙瑜是我国早期电影导演中为数不多的接受过正规电影专业教育的佼佼者。在“复兴国片”的旗帜下,孙瑜创造了独具一格的“浪漫写实”的艺术风格和影像风格,在20世纪30年代主流电影思潮中独树一帜,被称为影坛“诗人”。孙瑜的电影创作借鉴了美国好莱坞电影类型片模式,尤其是受到了美国通俗情节剧的影响。但强烈的浪漫主义激情,使得孙瑜的电影创作常常会超越“通俗剧”的一般套路,从而打上孙瑜电影的深深烙印。正是在这个意义上,孙瑜也成为了自己影片的“作者”。同样,尽管他与当时的左翼电影思潮在大方向上是一致的,但强烈的浪漫主义激情又使他成为了主流中的另类。新中国成立后,一场对《武训传》的大批判则导致了孙瑜成为彻底的另类,也宣告了“作者”的消亡。

SUN Yu, who graduated from Tsinghua University, was one of a few outstanding directors of our country who had ever had formal film education in the early time. In an activity of the renewal of national film, SUN Yu created a unique romantic-realistic style in art and image which showed originality in 30＇s mainstream cinematic thoughts, therefore he was named Poet of film. SUN Yu＇s films drew a lesson from formulas of Hollywood genres, especially the influence of family melodrama on his works was so strong. On the other hand, SUN Yu＇s strong romanticism passion made his films surpass the common formulas of family melodrama, so that his works were marked by authorship deeply and he became an author of his own films. Even though SUN Yu accorded with left-wing cinematic thoughts mostly, the romanticism passion was so strong that he became an alien person in the mainstream. After the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, the strong criticism of Biography of WuXun filmed by SUN Yu resulted in his complete alien thoughts being, and declared that his authorship had died out.