危险气体泄漏扩散的实验方法研究

Experimental Methodology for Study Diffusion of Leaked Hazardous Gas

综述了研究危险气体事故泄漏扩散的3种实验方法,即全规模大型现场实验、实验室模拟和小型现场实验,详细讨论该3种试验方法在实施和应用中的优缺点。对小型现场实验的无量纲长度、速度、时间、大气稳定度、大气湍流、液滴的尺寸分布和沉降、源动量通量比例等重要参数的确定方法重点进行分析和阐述。小型试验法特别适用于模拟化学性质活泼的危险气体的泄漏扩散研究,可为安全评价、应急救援提供有价值的参考数据。

Three experimental methods for study diffusion of leaked hazardous gas are reviewed, i.e. fullscale field experiment, lab-scale simulation and small-scale field experiment..Advantages and disadvantages of these three methods in their application are discussed in detail. The detemination of important parameters in small-scale field experiment is emphatically analyzed and described, such as length-scales, velocity-scales, time-scales, stability of atmosphere, atmospheric turbulence, size distribution of discharged droplets and their deposition, source momentum fluxes etc. The small-scale field experiment is especially appropriate in simulation study of the diffusion of leaked chemically active hazardous gas to provide valuable reference data for emergency rescue and risk assessment.